Stephen Fung with a worried expression in front of light green background

An graphic representation of the intersection of human head, annotated with location of Oropharyngeal Cancer

口咽癌

Graphic icon of a circular chart with 85% inside, and germs around the chart

HPV可以引致口咽癌，由HPV-16型病毒引起的口咽癌佔全部HPV引起的口咽癌至少85%¹。

Graphic icon of 5 people, where only one of the is green in color and is surrounded by germs

根據中大醫學院的研究，數據顯示平均約每5名香港口咽癌患者就有1人感染HPV²。他們相對其他非HPV口咽癌患者年輕，較多為非吸煙或非酗酒人士²。

Graphic icon of a male pointing at a male symbol surrounded by germs

根據香港醫院管理局癌症資料統計中心，於2021年共有 115宗口咽癌新症³。當中，有93名為男患者，佔全部的 81%。由此可見口咽癌的發病率以男士較高^3,4。

口咽癌病徵

口咽癌的病徵和其他頭頸癌症狀相似。最常見的口咽癌病徵是口腔、咽喉或頭、頸部出現的潰瘍 (持續異常生飛滋)或腫塊，數周都沒有康復⁵。之後患者或會出現吞嚥困難或咳血等症狀⁵。口咽癌患者或會有無法解釋的喉嚨疼痛和耳朵疼痛⁵。

口咽癌治療

醫生會根據病人癌症的期數來制定適合的口咽癌治療，包括放射治療、外科手術^5,6。外科手術一般適合於早期的口咽癌⁶。接受口咽癌手術治療後，患者有機會出現各種副作用，例如吞嚥和咀嚼困難、呼吸和言語障礙等⁷。放射治療可單獨用作治療手段和輔助治療，以減少癌症復發⁶。口咽癌患者接受放射性治療後，可能會感到疲倦、皮膚發紅、口腔潰瘍、口乾等副作用⁸。上述情況有機會在結束治療後時間慢慢改善⁸。

口咽癌存活率

由HPV引起的口咽癌的潛伏期可以長達10-30年⁹。口咽癌的5年存活率約有60%¹⁰。而且，HPV相關的口咽癌比無關的口咽癌能有較好的預後和存活率，因為HPV相關的口咽癌患者多為年輕和較健康的族群¹⁰。

預防口咽癌

儘管並非所有的口咽癌都可以預防，但如果採取適當的預防措施，例如：保持健康的體重和飲食習慣、遠離煙酒，還是可以降低患上口腔癌的風險。^11,12。除此以外，定期進行牙齒檢查也可以幫助患者及早發現口腔癌，牙醫可能會在常規口腔檢查中發現癌前病變的跡象¹²。

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References: 1. Lechner M, et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022;19(5):306–27. 2. Lam EW, et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016;25(1):165-173. 3. Hong Kong Cancer Registry. Hong Kong Cancer Statistics. Tonsil, oropharynx cancers (total cases). Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/allagesresult.asp. Accessed on: 19 Apr 2024. 4. Hong Kong Cancer Registry. Hong Kong Cancer Statistics. Tonsil, oropharynx cancers (men). Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/allagesresult.asp. Accessed on: 19 Apr 2024 5. National Cancer Institute. Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) (PDQ®)-Patient Version. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq. Accessed 23 Feb 2023. 6. Cancer Research UK. Treatment options for mouth and oropharyngeal cancer. Available at: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions .Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023. 7. Cancer Research UK. Types of surgery. Available at: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/surgery/types-surgery. Accessed 23 Feb 2023. 8. Cancer Research UK. Side effects of radiotherapy for mouth and oropharyngeal cancer. Available at: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/radiotherapy/side-effects . Accessed 23 Feb 2023. 9. Gillison ML, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(29): 3235–42. 10. Jamal Z, Anjum F. Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. [Updated 2022 Sep 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563268/ 11. American Cancer Society. Can Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers Be Prevented? Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html. Accessed on: 07 Mar 2023. 12. American Society of Clinical Oncology Cancer.Net. Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer: Risk Factors and Prevention. Available at: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/oral-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/risk-factors-and-prevention. Accessed on: 07 Mar 2023.

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