HPV是甚麼?
人類乳頭瘤病毒(Human Papilloma Virus, HPV)
有200多種病毒,是常見通過性接觸傳播的病毒1。
不同病毒種類的HPV感染會引發不同病症,
HPV的病毒種類可分為高危型HPV和低危型HPV1。
高危型HPV1,3
高危型HPV可引致癌症1,3。感染某些高危型HPV,例如HPV16和18,可導致約90%子宮頸癌及約90%肛門癌1。另外,約70%相關口咽癌等頭頸癌亦由高危型HPV引起1。
低危型HPV3
低危型HPV儘管不會引致癌症,但卻能引致生殖器官濕疣(椰菜花/性病疣),超過90%椰菜花(性病疣)是由HPV 6及11引起的3。
無病徵都可以人傳人4
大部分的HPV感染通常不會有症狀,潛伏期可高達10年,更會人傳人4。
沒有針對性治療4
現時仍然沒有HPV感染的針對性治療方法4,若無法自行清除HPV,HPV持續感染會演變成難以控制及相當嚴重的情況,例如導致癌症4。
一種病毒 多種癌症1
不同HPV的病毒類型可引致多種癌症
癌症種類
HPV感染百分比
肛門癌1*
>90%
子宮頸癌1
大部分
生殖器官濕疣
(椰菜花/性病疣)3
90%
陰道癌1
75%
外陰癌1*
70%
口咽癌5,*
70%
HPV的相關疾病和治療
HPV可引致不同疾病1
感染HPV可引致子宮頸癌、肛門癌*、生殖器官濕疣(其他疾病亦存風險:外陰癌、陰道癌、口咽癌) 1。通常HPV感染後不會有病徵,但潛伏期可達10年,更會人傳人4。
以下治療方案只供參考,詳情請向醫生查詢。
*HPV相關的
a 大多數感染可自行清除,但持續感染可導致疾病1
b 2010-2019年十年來20-24歲的子宮頸癌平均新症數目為<1,而25-29歲為76
c 根據2021年資料顯示 子宮頸癌死亡個案為178宗8
d 根據2021年衛生署數據顯示18
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