女士要加倍留意,
子宮頸癌近年有年輕化趨勢2
在香港,平均每日便有1個人
患上子宮頸癌4,a
近年統計顯示子宮頸癌的發病年齡有年輕化的趨勢,
由二十歲至七十歲的婦女均有可能患上此病1。
近期報告顯示,在2010-2018年間,
超過一半子宮頸癌患者小於55歲3。
子宮頸癌早期可能全無病徵,
接受治療時有機會切除整個子宮1。
子宮頸癌和子宮頸癌前病變的關係
子宮頸癌是香港常見癌症,在2021年,共有596宗新症5。子宮頸位於陰道頂端、子宮的下半部1。當子宮頸內的細胞持續受到人類乳頭瘤病毒(Human Papilloma Virus, HPV)侵襲,可能出現子宮頸癌前病變(Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, CIN) 1,6。將近70%的子宮頸癌前病變是由HPV-16 和18所引致的。7儘管這些細胞並非癌細胞,但置之不理,可能會發展成為癌細胞。1,6
子宮頸癌前病變可分為三級(根據子宮頸上皮內出現變異細胞的比率而作出的評定),整層的子宮頸上皮內病變第三級(CIN III)個案若沒有適當的治療,可於 10 年內發展為癌症。1根據世界衛生組織,一位免疫系統正常的女性由感染HPV至患上子宮頸癌需要15-20年7。患者在子宮頸癌前病變期間未必會出現任何病徵8,因此定期的婦科檢查如子宮頸抹片檢查顯得極為重要8。
解構子宮頸癌
任何女士都需要留意HPV預防
任何女士都需要留意HPV預防
HPV感染也可引致陰道癌和外陰癌,其症狀和子宮頸癌相似18。要檢測陰道癌和外陰癌,病人也可以進行子宮頸抹片檢查,以檢驗子宮和陰道內的組織細胞18。
a 根據醫管局2021年統計,登記子宮頸癌新症個案為596宗4
b 按照WHO定義,子宮頸癌作為一個公共衛生問題被消滅,是指發病率不超過4宗每十萬女性人年11
c 在第一次發生性行為直到44歲期間有一個性伴侶的組別中,人們感染HPV的機率為58.4%14
d 預防HPV方案無法用作治療HPV感染13
References: 1. Centre for Health Protection. Sept 2016. Available at: https://bit.ly/3Qqk7Vk. Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023. 2. Hospital Authority. Cervical Cancer. Available at: https://www21.ha.org.hk/smartpatient/SPW/zh-HK/Disease-Information/Disease/?guid=90118916-92f8-4f99-b864-3c3f36a48bcc. Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023. 3. Hong Kong Cancer Registry. Report of Survival of Gynaecological Cancer in Hong Kong, 2010-2018. Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/pdf/survival/Stage-specific%20Survival%20of%20GYNAE%20Cancers%20in%20HK.pdf. Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023. 4. Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hospital Authority. Cervical Cancer in 2021. Oct 2023 Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/pdf/factsheet/2021/cx_2021.pdf Accessed on: 19 Apr 2024. 5. Hong Kong Cancer Registry. Hong Kong Cancer Statistics. Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/allagesresult.asp. Accessed on: 19 Apr 2024. 6. Cervical Screening Programme Department of Health. Cervical Cancer. Dec 2022. Available at: https://www.cervicalscreening.gov.hk/en/cervicalcancer.html. Accessed on 23 Feb 2023. 7. World Health Organization. Cervical cancer. Feb 2022. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer. Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023. 8. American Cancer Society. Can Cervical Cancer Be Prevented? Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html. Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023. 9. American Cancer Society. Treatment Options for Cervical Cancer, by Stage. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/treating/by-stage.html. Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023. 10. American Society of Clinical Oncology Cancer Net. Cervical Cancer: Types of Treatment. Jan 2022. Available at: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/cervical-cancer/types-treatment#surgery. Accessed 23 Feb 2023. 11. WHO. 2020. Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. 12. CDC. Genital HPV Infection – CDC Fact Sheet, CDC. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/HPV-FS-July-2017.pdf. Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023. 13. Immunize BC. Available at: https://immunizebc.ca/hpv/frequently-asked-questions. Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023. 14. Chesson, H.W., et al. Sex Transm Dis. 2014;41(11):660–4. 15. Sabeena, S., et al. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2017;43(3):429–35. 16. Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hospital Authority. Hong Kong Cancer Statistics. Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/allages.asp. Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023. 17. Kang, L.N., et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2014;14:96. 18. National Cancer Institute. Vaginal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)-Patient version. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/vaginal/patient/vaginal-treatment-pdq. Accessed on: 23 Feb 2023.
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